Being a skilled data scientist means understanding every integral part of machine learning. And when it comes to machine learning, everything comes down to algorithms. You cannot depend on one single algorithm to keep your system running smoothly. This is why you must know about the most common data science algorithms and how each one works.
It’s not about choosing the best algorithm and applying it to all applications. It’s more about finding the right balance of algorithms and making them work with each other.
10 Common Data Science Algorithms
Here are the top 10 data science algorithms in 2022:
Linear Regression
Of all the algorithms in data science and machine learning, linear regression is the most common. You establish a relationship between the dependent and independent variables to make the best predictions and get the most accurate results.
When you do a Data Science Certification, you are taught to predict the value of continuous quality where with your input and output variables, you create an equation that looks like this:
y = b0 + b1x
Where,
y = Output or dependant variable whose value you need to predict
x = Input or independent variable whose value you have
b0 = Y-intercept
b1 = slope
Logistic Regression
Logistics regression is one of those data science algorithms that is similar to linear regression but is primarily used in binary classification problems. The end goal is to find the values of the coefficients, but the formulas used are different.
The converted values are converted into values that lie in the range of 0 to 1 and form an S-shaped curve. Due to this S-shape, the logistic regression is often also called the Sigmoid function, and the equation looks like this:
P(x) = e^(b0+b1x)/1 + e^(b0+b1x)
Decision tree
When both classification and prediction data come to a problem crossroads, a decision tree can help you solve the problem. The outcome is decided by going through levels of the decision tree, where at each level, a feature is mentioned. In the direction in which you keep making decisions, more qualities will unfold, and in the end, you will have made a decision depending on the situation and choices provided.
Support Vector Machines
Support Vector Machines or SVM algorithm is where you plot raw data points in an n-dimensional space. Then a hyperplane is used to separate the points by class in the input variable space.
In these data science algorithms, the class can be either 0 or 1.
Principal Component Analysis
The Principal Component Analysis, or PCA, is used to reduce the number of variables and make the data easy to explore and visualise. The way it’s done is the data is captured in a new coordinate system where the axes are called principal components.
Naive Bayes
Naive Bayes is the algorithm that is primarily used in predictive modelling. Two sets of probabilities are calculated independently to make new predictions using the Bayes theorem.
The Bayes theorem goes like this:
P(A|B) = P(B|A) P(A) / P(B)
Where,
A and B are two events.
P(A) = class before probability
P(B) = predictor before probability
P(A|B) = probability of A given that B has already occurred
P(B|A) = probability of B given that A has already occurred
Because these probabilities are calculated independently, the algorithm gets the name ‘Naive’ Bayes.
K-Nearest Neighbours
The data science algorithm K-Nearest Neighbours, also known as KNN, is used for both classification and regression problems, but within the data science community, it is preferred mainly for classification problems.
First, you need your training data set. Then you select your k value and, using an essential distance function like Euclidean, calculate the nearest neighbours’ data.
The equation will look like this:
k = √n
Where,
n = number of data points
Dimensional Reduction Algorithms
When there are multiple variables in a data set, it becomes hard to handle. All the unnecessary variables could impact the final prediction in the wrong way bringing you the wrong conclusion.
So using dimensional reduction algorithms, the critical variables are identified and separated from the bunch. This data science algorithm usually utilises other algorithms like random forest and works in collaboration with them.
Random Forest
We saw what decision trees are; a random forest is a data science algorithm that is made of several decision trees. Each tree’s classification decision is called a ‘Vote,’ and after collecting and counting all the votes, a final decision is made.
Gradient Boosting Machines
Gradient Boosting Machines, also known as Gradient Boosting Algorithms, are used when there is a large amount of data to be handled, and the results need to be highly accurate. So gradient boosting algorithms combine multiple smaller and weaker predictors to build a strong predictor.
Conclusion
These are all the standard data science algorithms that data scientists use nowadays. All of the data analysis is done using various data tools along with these algorithms.
Know About More Technologies News:-